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Ganita (math)
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Ganita is also known as Siddhanta.
There are three skandhas (main branches) of Jyotisha : Siddhanta, Hora and Samhita. Siddhanta is also known as Ganita, rest two being clubbed together as Phalita.
According to ancient authorities, such as Varaha Mihira, who devoted an entire book on comparing all existing siddhantas, Surya Siddhanta has always remained the most ancient (revealed in Satayuga's end), most clear and most comprehensive of all siddhantas. There were 18 siddhantas according to most ancient known authorities, but excepting Surya Siddhanta all ancient siddhantas have vanished either completely or partially. These partial siddhantas are of historical value only, because no panchanga or horoscope can be prepared on the basis of these partial siddhantas.
Varaha Mihira considered five siddhantas to be worth consideration in his Panchsiddhantika : Surya, Paitamah, Vasishtha, Paulish and Romaka siddhantas. Varaha Mihira gave some references about Paitamah Siddhanta in 12th chapter of Panchsiddhantika, but could not illustrate other siddhantas because they were not available in workable condition ; later sources do not even mention them. But Varaha Mihira mentions Surya Siddhanta in detail, although not as comprehensively as needed in a full fledged siddhanta treatise ; he dealt extensively only with eclipses which seemed to be his principal concern in writing Panchsiddhantika.
It is noteworthy that Varaha Mihira did not consider Aryabhatiya as a siddhanta worth consideration, although a majority of modern scholars put the date of his work as circa 550 AD and Aryabhatiya at 499 AD. The point we should note is that Varaha Mihira considered Surya Siddhanta to be the only siddhanta worth any serious consideration, while all Western scholars and their Indian supporters highlight Aryabhatiya while belittle Surya Siddhanta on some pretext or other. The reason is clear : Aryabhatiya is not the basis of any panchanga of India, although Aryasiddhanta which is different from Aryabhatiya is the basis of many panchangas, while Surya Siddhanta is the direct or indirect basis of a majority of Indian panchangas. Hence, adherents of Lord Macaulay's education policy deemed it fit to distort and destroy Surya Siddhanta in order to destroy the very basis pf panchangas without which Hinduism cannot function and survive. Any attempt to revive and update Surya Siddhanta is labeled as anachronism and obscurantism, and all attempts to test the validity of Surya Siddhanta is rejected vehemently : Surya Siddhanta is proven guilty without any fair trial.
There is only one version of Surya Siddhanta, rest is Western myth, not supported by any ancient or medieval scholar, none of whom ever complained of different versions. Varaha Mihir's karana version of Surya Siddhanta and Makaranda's tantric version of Surya Siddhanta are not different from from siddhantic version of main Surya Siddhanta which opponents of Indian culture want to destroy and call "New" Surya Siddhanta, although there may be some minor differences due to mistakes of scribes in copying the manuscripts. Siddhanta, tantra and karana are three different ways of making panchangas following same theory (siddhanta). No panchanga canchanga can be prepared directly from a siddhanta. this point has been elaborated in the article Beeja Correction .
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Latest page update: made by vinay_jha
, Jan 13 2009, 1:31 AM EST
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