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Vedic Jyotisha has two branches, Ganita (Siddhanta) and Phalita (Samhita plus Hora). Ganita means mathematics, but in practice it does not include the calculations involved in making horoscopes and predictions, it is merely a synonym for Siddhanta in the parlance of traditional jyotishis. Phalita or predictive astrology has two main branches, Samhita and Hora, which have many sub-branches as shown below. But in actual practice, Samhita and Hora are enumerated as separate branches due to vast difference in their subject matter, and traditional taxonomy talks of three skandhas or divisions of jyotisha: Siddhanta, Hora and Samhita, and every good Jyotishi was expected to be adept in all three divisions of
Tri-skandha Jyotisha-shaastra.
- Siddhanta, which literally means "theory" (siddha+anta", ie "established conclusions") is traditional astronomy for special uses of astrology, which has many varieties broadly divided into two classes
- Original apaurusheya Siddhantas, 18 in number, propounded by sages or gods
- Man made or paurusheya siddhantas, five siddhantas and another set of five siddhantas now used by traditional panchanga makers.
- Samhita which includes
- Medini Jyotisha (mundane astrology) or predictive astrology of territorial regions and is used for predicting important events such as earthquakes, weather events like storms or rains, war, national politics and economy, prices (argha-kaanda), etc, based on analysis of astrological dynamics in the horoscope of a territorial region of all sizes including whole world, and/or general transit events (graha-chaara).
- Vaastu-shaastra which is used for construction of houses, temples, forts and towns. Varaha Mihira included iconography and sculpture under Samhita.
- diverse topics like Shakuna-shaastra (omens), matters related to materials, trees, animals, regal attributes and items, etc.
- Muhurta (electional astrology) for finding auspicious timing of important events and actions like war, marriage, travel, etc.
- Hora: predictive astrology of individuals, which has two branches
- Jaataka which is used to analyze natal horoscopes (birth charts) known as janma-kundali. It includes Varshaphala.
- Prashna (horary astrology) from which horoscopes based on the moment and a query are made
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